2003-2015 Volkswagen Caddy SUV Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) -> Tyre damage User Manual
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Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles) -> Tyre damage for Your Volkswagen Caddy SUV Third Generation (2003-2015)

Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy Kasten/Kombi 1996 ➤ ...  
Wheels and Tyres Guide - Edition 01.2011  
↓
Renew other tyre on the front axle.  
↓
lk  
Carry out road test  
Vehicle travels in a straight line - END  
Vehicle does not travel in a straight line.  
↓
Check front and rear wheel alignment.  
↓
Carry out road test  
Vehicle travels in a straight line - END  
Vehicle does not travel in a straight line; contact Product Support.  
4.6  
Tyre damage  
4.6.1  
General information  
As tyre damage can have serious consequences, you and the  
driver should regularly check the tyres to identify any problems at  
an early stage.  
Damaged tyres cannot withstand driving conditions such as high  
speed, long distances, sporty driving, and so on.  
Damage can be caused in a number of ways:  
♦ Driving with insufficient tyre pressure  
♦ Assembly error when tyres were fitted on rims  
♦ Damage by embedding objects  
♦ Ageing  
♦ Improper storage  
WARNING  
Whenever a safety risk cannot be ruled out, the tyre must be  
renewed.  
42  
Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry  
lk  
Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy Kasten/Kombi 1996 ➤ ...  
Wheels and Tyres Guide - Edition 01.2011  
4.6.2  
Construction of a radial belted tyre  
Cross section of a radial belted tyre  
1 - Tread block  
2 - Tread groove  
3 - Tread  
4 - Nylon ply  
5 - Belt layers  
❑ Usually made of steel  
6 - Bead core  
❑ Consists of steel wires  
vulcanised into rubber.  
❑ Ensures secure seating  
of the tyre on the rim.  
7 - Bead filler  
8 - Rim flange protection  
❑ Protects the rim and tyre  
from abrasion from, for  
example, contact with  
the kerb  
❑ Tyres with Maximum  
Flange Shield (or rim  
protector bar) are  
marked with the abbre‐  
viation MFS.  
The nylon ply -4-, belt layers -5-, bead cores -6- and bead filler  
-7- form the carcass. The carcass is the „load-bearing structure“  
of the tyre.  
4.6.3  
Impact damage  
A swelling in the sidewall of the tyre indicates that the carcass in  
the substructure has been damaged.  
4. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles)  
43  
Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy Kasten/Kombi 1996 ➤ ...  
Wheels and Tyres Guide - Edition 01.2011  
Typical causes for such damage include, for example, driving  
over kerbs at a sharp angle.  
Pinching the tyre in this way can damage the carcass.  
The substructure of the tyre is stretched so far that individual fi‐  
bres in the carcass may be broken.  
The extent of the damage depends on the speed of impact, the  
angle of impact, the tyre pressure, the axle load and the type of  
obstacle.  
Pinch marks on tyre sidewall -arrows-  
lk  
Note  
♦ Driving over kerbs should be avoided.  
♦ If you cannot avoid driving over a kerb, you should do so very  
slowly and as square-on as possible.  
Interior view of a tyre with a punctured carcass  
Due to a severe impact, the carcass was pinched on the wheel  
rim flange and is ruptured in the contact area.  
Damage inside the tyre resulting from impact (double rupture)  
Double rupture -arrows- caused by pinching when a kerb was  
driven over. Often not detectable from outside.  
44  
Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry  
Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy Kasten/Kombi 1996 ➤ ...  
Wheels and Tyres Guide - Edition 01.2011  
4.6.4  
Cuts  
Cut caused by a sharp-edged obstacle -arrow-  
lk  
4.6.5  
Damage caused by foreign bodies  
Driving over hard, pointed objects like nails, screws and the like  
can puncture the tyre.  
This always leads to tyre damage.  
Damage due to embedded foreign body  
Often, the object -marking- is so securely embedded in the tyre  
that it will not free itself even at higher speeds. Consequently, it  
can act as a plug and seal the tyre relatively well. This results in  
a gradual loss of pressure, which the driver will not notice imme‐  
diately, but which can lead to sudden and complete tyre failure.  
Note  
No repair should be attempted on a steel belted tyre of which the  
structure has been punctured by a foreign body.  
4.6.6  
Loss of air from tyre  
If the customer complains of a loss of air from a tyre, it is essential  
that you check for embedded foreign bodies.  
Note  
No repair should be attempted on a steel belted tyre of which the  
structure has been punctured by a foreign body.  
Corrosion can develop on the steel wires. This will always lead to  
the separation of the rubber from the steel belt.  
Generally, one cannot determine when the foreign body was em‐  
bedded. The tyre structure may already have been damaged as  
a result of driving with insufficient tyre pressure.  
Damaged belt wires will sooner or later lead to separation of the  
rubber from the steel belt. As a result, the tyre can fail completely  
at some point long after the tyre was first damaged.  
Tyre damage caused by foreign bodies is not covered by the war‐  
ranty.  
4.6.7  
Tyre pressure  
The tyre pressure must be checked regularly. We recommend  
checking the tyre pressure every two weeks. The correct tyre  
pressure is especially important on long trips or when carrying a  
4. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles)  
45  
Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy Kasten/Kombi 1996 ➤ ...  
Wheels and Tyres Guide - Edition 01.2011  
heavy load. A sporty driving style also requires correct or even  
slightly increased tyre pressure.  
Slow loss of tyre pressure  
The slow loss of tyre pressure is especially problematic because  
even experienced drivers often do not notice it.  
lk  
Insufficient tyre pressure and the related increase in flexing (in‐  
ternal friction) cause the tyre material to heat up considerably and  
may lead to the separation of the various components and rubber  
compounds.  
In the end, the tyre is usually destroyed completely  
⇒ page 46 .  
The cause for the slow pressure loss cannot always be deter‐  
mined because the tyre is severely damaged and structural com‐  
ponents of the tyre are missing.  
4.6.8  
Tyre damage due to insufficient tyre  
pressure  
The most common causes for tyre failure are minor external dam‐  
age, a defective valve or a leaking rim due to corrosion or dam‐  
age.  
Separation of carcass and rubber  
Excessive heating due to driving with substantially insufficient tyre  
pressure ⇒ page 47 led to overheating and subsequent sepa‐  
ration of the carcass from the rubber material -arrows-.  
The tyre shown here was periodically driven with an inflation  
pressure which was insufficient for the load. Typical evidence for  
this is the circumferential scuffing along the bead caused by the  
wheel flange and also the discolouration. Small, furrowed creases  
are visible along the inside of the sidewall.  
When the tyre rolls, strong shear forces develop between the lay‐  
ers of steel cord, especially at the ends of the belts.  
Tyres with wide, circumferential furrows near the bead  
Wide, circumferential furrows near the bead -arrows- indicate that  
the tyre was driven with insufficient pressure.  
Driving a vehicle with insufficient tyre pressure or ignoring or not  
recognising tyre damage can have serious consequences.  
The tyre can no longer withstand the forces which develop when  
the vehicle is driven.  
The defects mentioned above severely restrict the function of the  
tyre. The rubber compounds separate, which results in the partial  
separation of tyre components or even its complete destruction.  
46  
Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry  
Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy Kasten/Kombi 1996 ➤ ...  
Wheels and Tyres Guide - Edition 01.2011  
Tyre with stripped tread or stripped protector  
Such damage usually develops over a longer period of time. If an  
already damaged tyre is exposed to high stress, the centrifugal  
forces which occur at high speeds can tear components off the  
tyre.  
The figure shows a tyre with stripped protector due to travel with  
insufficient tyre pressure.  
4.6.9  
Rising tyre temperature caused by in‐  
sufficient inflation pressure  
The graph shows the temperature development of a tyre at a  
speed of 180 km/h.  
A - When specified tyre pressure is maintained, the temperature  
will remain stable.  
B - Danger zone: When tyre pressure is 0.3 bar below specifica‐  
tion, the temperature rises to above 120° C at higher speeds.  
C - Critical temperature threshold: A tyre defect will develop.  
lk  
T - Temperature in °C  
t - Travel time in minutes  
4. Facts about wheels and tyres (commercial vehicles)  
47  
Amarok 2011 ➤ , Caddy 2004 ➤ , Caddy 2011 ➤ , Caddy Kasten/Kombi 1996 ➤ ...  
Wheels and Tyres Guide - Edition 01.2011  
4.6.10  
Tyre damage due to fitting error (fitting  
damage)  
Bead core broken during tyre inflation.  
Modern radial tyres for passenger cars are mounted only on safe‐  
ty rims. Safety rims have a hump -1- running along the bead seat.  
1 - Hump (double hump H 2)  
2 - Wheel rim flange  
3 - Inner rim shoulder (e.g. tapered rim shoulder)  
4 - Rim  
5 - Wheel  
6 - Well  
7 - Outer rim shoulder (e.g. tapered rim shoulder)  
The hump prevents the tyre from being pressed out of the rim  
shoulder during travel with insufficient tyre pressure.  
When the tyre is inflated, the bead of the tyre may not slip com‐  
pletely over the outer rim hump.  
In this case, there is a danger of the bead core becoming over‐  
stretched if the tyre pressure is too high. The steel wires would  
then rupture partially or completely. A broken bead core cannot  
be detected from the outside.  
WARNING  
♦ Tyres with damaged bead cores are not seated safely and  
securely on the rim. Such tyres are a safety risk!  
♦ In addition, there is a risk of the partlylk broken bead core  
breaking apart during continued operation and the tyre  
could suddenly tear open. If the bead core breaks during  
inflation, the carcass will also be destroyed.  
Tyre with broken bead core and destroyed carcass  
The figure shows a tyre with a broken bead core and destroyed  
carcass as a result of excess pulling force during fitting.  
Bead damage due to faulty or incorrect tyre fitting with tyre-fitting  
machine  
The following errors, which may occur when tyres are fitted, can  
lead to severe tyre damage:  
♦ opposite tyre bead not seated completely in rim well when up‐  
per bead is rolled in on tyre fitting machine ⇒ page 48  
♦ fitting head improperly adjusted  
♦ edge of fitting roller on tyre bead rolls off  
♦ guide rollers worn or have sharp edges  
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Rep. gr.44 - Wheels, tyres, vehicle geometry  

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