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Working on vehicles with high-voltage system (hybrid vehicles) Visual inspection of high-voltage components and wiring for damage

General notes Introduction Safety precautions for vehicles with start/stop system Other reference material Principles of air conditioning systems Refrigerant R134a Properties of refrigerant R134a Refrigerant oil How air conditioning works General work safety Product properties Handling refrigerant Handling pressure vessels Safety regulations for working with extraction and charging systems Safety measures for working on vehicles with air conditioning system and for handling refrigerant R134a Basic rules for working on refrigerant circuit Before using air conditioner after system has been re-charged

Components of refrigerant circuit Layout of components of refrigerant circuit and their influence on high-pressure and low pressure sides Design of refrigerant circuit Refrigerant circuit with electrically driven air conditioner compressor Connections for quick-release coupling in refrigerant circuit Switches and senders in refrigerant circuit and related connections Electrical components not installed in refrigerant circuit Pressures and temperatures in refrigerant circuit Tests and measurements performed with pressure gauge Air conditioner service and recycling units Repair notes for refrigerant circuit

Laws and regulations

Important repair notes for air conditioning systems Converting refrigerant circuits from refrigerant R12 to refrigerant R134a Working with the air conditioner service station Blowing out refrigerant circuit with compressed air and nitrogen Cleaning (flushing) refrigerant circuit with refrigerant R134a Tracing leaks in refrigerant circuit

Possible complaints about refrigerant circuit

Connecting air conditioner service station - vehicles with a connection on the low-pressure and high-pressure side of the refrigerant circuit Connecting air conditioner service station - vehicles with no connection on the low-pressure side of the refrigerant circuit

Checking pressures in refrigerant circuit with air conditioner service station (with ignition switched off) Checking pressures - vehicles with restrictor and reservoir (with internally regulated air conditioner compressor) Checking pressures - vehicles with expansion valve and receiver (with internally regulated air conditioner compressor) Checking pressures - vehicles with restrictor, reservoir and air conditioner compressor regulating valve N280 (with externally regulated air conditioner compressor) Checking pressures - vehicles with expansion valve, receiver and air conditioner compressor regulating valve N280 (with externally regulated air conditioner compressor) Checking pressures - vehicles with electrically driven air conditioner compressor (vehicles with high-voltage system)

Renewing components

Capacities for refrigerant R134a Approved refrigerant oils and refrigerant oil capacities

List of testers, tools and materials Tools and materials available from regional sales centre or importer Commercially available tools and materials Improvised tools